### partial ####################################################################

from functools import partial, wraps
import sys
import string


def add(x, y):
    """Adds two numbers x and y together"""
    return x + y

def mult(x, y):
    """Multiplies two numbers x and y together"""
    return x * y

def say(string, stream=sys.stdout):
    """Prints string to stream (default sys.stdout)"""
    print >>stream, string

splitcommas = partial(string.split, sep=",")
splitspaces = partial(string.split, sep=" ")

### wraps ######################################################################

def mydeco(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print "Calling decorated %s with args: %s, %s" % (f.__name__, args, kwargs)
        return f(*args, **kwargs)
    return inner

@mydeco
def factorial(n):
    """Recursively compute simple factorial (n!)"""
    if n < 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return n*factorial(n-1)

### conditional expressions ####################################################

def show_conditional_expressions():
    #before 2.5...
    x = 20
    print x > 0 and "Positive" or "Negative or zero" #relies on short circuiting logic
    print ["Negative or zero", "Positive"][x > 0] #ugly, and evaluates eagerly

    #now we can use a conditional expression instead
    print "Positive" if x > 0 else "Negative or zero" #much better

    #we can nest them too
    test_temp = lambda temp: "Above freezing" if temp > 32 else ("Below freezing" if temp < 32 else "At freezing")

    print 0, "->", test_temp(0)
    print 10, "->", test_temp(10)
    print 32, "->", test_temp(32)
    print 45, "->", test_temp(45)
    print 100, "->", test_temp(100)